Green Growth Index:
Publications
- Introduction
- Global Review
- Regional Outlook
- Country Performance
- Expert Consultations
- Ongoing applications and collaborations
- Statistical Tables
- Appendix 1 Summary of methods for the Green Growth Index
- Appendix 2 The international expert group
- Appendix 3 List of expert reviewers
- Appendix 4 The GGPM Team
- Partners
Green Growth Index 2023: Measuring performance in achieving SDG targets
December 2023 | Download Report
The 2023 Green Growth Index Report has eight new green growth indicators for the green economic opportunities dimension. The Green Growth Index International Expert Group reviewed and validated their policy relevance to the green growth transition. The Report features the National Green Growth Index for Kenya and Ghana, with 80 green growth indicators selected by national experts.
Green Growth Index 2022: Measuring performance in achieving SDG targets
December 2022 | Download Report
The 2022 Green Growth Index Report provides scores for 157 countries, 43 in Africa, 26 in the Americas, 45 in Asia, 39 in Europe, and only 4 in Oceania. It features the National Green Growth Index for Zambia, with 80 green growth indicators selected by experts from government, non-government, academic, and private institutions.
Green Growth Index 2021: Measuring performance in achieving SDG targets
December 2021 | Download Report
The 2021 Green Growth Index Report replaced proxy variables with improved country coverage from the UNSTATS SDG database and green growth indicators with insufficient time-series data. It covers 119 countries with Green Growth Index scores, representing 25 countries in Africa, 20 in the Americas, 35 in Asia, 36 in Europe, and only 3 in Oceania.
Green Growth Index 2020: Measuring performance in achieving SDG targets
December 2020 | Download Report
First published in 2019, GGGI has envisaged to annually review the Green Growth Index to continuously improve its relevance to policy and decision making. This 2020 technical report highlights two main improvements in the Index this year: first is the computation of trend from 2005 to 2019, and second is the replacement of several proxy variables with more relevant indicators or better data availability.
Green Growth Index: Concept, methods and applications
October 2019 | Download Report
Other related links:
Download Metadata
Download Summary Report
Download Brochure
This technical report provides detailed information on the indicators for the four green growth dimensions and methods for preparing, checking and aggregating the indicators. It also presents and discusses the results and applications of the Index. The technical report is complemented by metadata, summary report and brochure.
Green Growth Simulation Tool Phase 2 – Scenario Analysis of SDG Co-Benefits from Climate Actions in LT-LEDS and NAPs
October 2024 | Download Report
This GGGI Technical Report No. 33 presents the applications of the Green Growth Simulation in assessing SDG co-benefits in Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategies (LT-LEDS) in Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, and Hungary, and in National Adaptation Plan (NAP) and Green Recovery Plan in St. Lucia and Senegal. The report also highlights the challenges in assessing co-benefits of social inclusion and gender SDG indicators due to lack of models and data, and how Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches can overcome them.
Global Green Growth Index 2023
December 2023 | Download Report
In Global Green Growth Index 2023, there are 157 countries with scores for the Green Growth Index, with 43 countries in Africa, 26 countries in the Americas, 45 countries in Asia, 39 countries in Europe, and only 4 in Oceania.
Ghana Green Growth Index 2023
December 2023 | Download Report
This is the first edition of the national Green Growth Index for Ghana. The 80 green growth indicators used to develop the Index were selected by Ghananian experts through participatory approaches. The Ghana Green Growth Index was developed through close collaboration between the Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology & Innovation (MESTI), the National Development Planning Commission (NDPC), the SDG Advisory Unit Office of the President, and the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI).
Kenya Green Growth Index 2023
December 2023 | Download Report
This is the first edition of the national Green Growth Index for Kenya. The 80 green growth indicators used to develop the Index were selected by Kenyan experts through participatory approaches. The Kenya Green Growth Index was developed through close collaboration between the National Treasury and Economic Planning (NT&EP) and the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI).
Azerbaijan and Central Asia Green Growth Transition
October 2023 | Download Report
This GGGI Technical Report No. 30 discusses the application of the Green Growth Index framework to measure performance in green and inclusive growth and assess green growth transition in Azerbaijan and Central Asian countries from 2010 to 2022. The report presents the results of the collaborative project between the Asian Development Bank and GGGI.
Zambia Green Gowth Index 2022
December 2022 | Download Report
This is the first edition of the national Green Growth Index for Zambia. The 80 green growth indicators used to develop the Index were selected by Zambian experts through participatory approaches. The Zambia Green Growth Index was developed through close collaboration between the Ministry of Green Economy and Environment (MoGEE) and the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI).
Green and Blue Economy Synergy – Concepts and Methods for the OECS Green-Blue Growth Index
December 2021
Green Growth Simulation Tool Phase 1 – Concept, Methods and Applications
December 2020 | Download Report
This GGGI Technical Report No. 17 provides modelers and experts the logical and technical information to understand the coupled system dynamics models for the different green growth indicators in the Simulation Tool. It presents the mathematical and simulation models, as well as flow diagrams showing links between input and output variables and interlinkages between equations.
Achieving Green Growth and Climate Action Post-COVID-19
July 2020 | Download Report
This technical report explores challenges and opportunities posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the links between health and climate crises, and the lessons we have learned from past disasters to build back better. This document is intended to serve as a source of information and recommendations for GGGI Members and country teams as they design green COVID-19 recovery plans in the months to come.
Assessment of Complementarities between GGGI’s Green Growth Index and UNEP’s Green Economy Progress Index
December 2019 | Download Report
This technical report focuses on empirical assessment and presents the results from the global applications of both indices as well as a detailed discussion of the results for two country case studies, Mexico and China. It also discusses the results for a common application of both methodologies for a selected number of common indicators and key parameters.
Assessment of feedback from regional expert consultations on the Green Growth Index (Phase 2)
October 2019 | Download Report
This technical report presents the outcome of the four regional consultation workshops that were conducted through the GGPM Program to validate and enhance the policy relevance of GGGI’s conceptual framework for the Green Growth Index. The main goal of the consultations was to ensure an inclusive and collaborative process in developing the Green Growth Index, which integrates expert preferences and priorities as well as creates a platform for the transparent development of the Index. The report aims to assess how policymakers and other stakeholders understand green growth, why knowledge on green growth diverges across regions, and what common understanding can be integrated in the green growth framework to enhance relevance of the index for policy decision-making.
Assessment and Main Findings on the Green Growth Index
December 2019 | Download Report
This Insight Brief highlights the assessment and main findings on the Green Growth Index. It presents the scores and ranks of the Index for 115 countries as well as distance to targets and dashboards of the green growth indicators for different regions. Moreover, it intends to provide the policymakers a less technical description of the concept and methods of the Green Growth Index.
Measuring performance in achieving Sustainable Development Goals to protect natural capital
January 2020 | Request a copy
The paper discusses the performance on achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for natural capital protection dimension of the Green Growth Index. This dimension has four pillars including environmental quality, greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions reduction, ecosystem and biodiversity protection, and cultural and social value. The paper concludes that many regions are performing better in environmental quality and GHG emissions reduction, but struggling to improve the low performance in biodiversity and ecosystem protection as well as cultural and social value.
Building a global framework for green growth based on comparative assessments of green growth indices and expert opinions of policy makers
March 2020 | Download Report
The paper provides a more concise discussion on the analytical approaches adopted in the early phases of developing the Green Growth Index, integrating knowledge from other papers which discuss in details the regional expert consultations and comparative assessments of major green growth related global indices. In the conclusions, the paper highlights the challenges raised by the experts and potentials for strategic collaboration with other international organizations.
GGGI’s concept for the Green Growth Index: Comparative assessment of relevant global green growth indices
May 2020 | Download Report
The paper discusses the results of comparative assessment of global green growth related indices according to three main aspects – conceptual and practical definitions, conceptual and institutional frameworks, and in-house and consultative design processes. The GGGI’s Green Growth Index is compared to the UNEP’s Green Economy Progress Index, ADB’s and AfDB’s Inclusive Green Growth Index, and Dual Citizen’s Global Green Economy Index.
Assessment of feedback from global expert consultations on the Green Growth Index 2019
June 2020 | Download Report
The paper presents the results of the expert consultation for the 2019 Green Growth Index. The GGGI continues to develop the Green Growth Index to include more indicators representing SDGs and with better data availability. Before publishing the results of the Green Growth Index, the GGPM team consults with the expert group with members from international organizations and stakeholders from the government, academe and NGOs to get feedback on the updated green growth indicators and results of the Green Growth Index. The consultation uses semi-structured online survey to allow systematic assessment of the feedback and facilitate participation of experts worldwide.\
Social inclusion and green growth transition – building synergy to achieve Sustainable Development Goals
July 2020 | Download Report
The paper presents the application of an evidence-based, expert-guided, and participatory green growth-related composite index to measure country performance in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) for social inclusion. Social inclusion is framed on four pillars – access to basic services and resources, gender balance, social equity, and social protection, representing 12 indicators that are relevant to green growth. The results show that, while globally Africa lags behind in achieving SDG targets relevant to social inclusion, few countries in other regions performs equally poor vis-à-vis other countries in their respective regions.
Natural capital protection indicators: Measuring performance in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals for green growth transition
November 2020 | Download Report
2024
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Gbolonyo, E. Y., Ofori, I. K., & Ojong, N. (2024). Does Economic Complexity Promote Inclusive Green Growth? ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, Kiel, Hamburg.
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Ofori, I. K., Gbolonyo, E., & Ojong, N. (2024). Inclusive Green Growth Dataset for African Countries. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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2023
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AfDB. (2023b). Country Focus Report 2023 – Ethiopia. Mobilizing Private Sector Financing for Climate and Green Growth.
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AfDB. (2023d). Country Focus Report 2023 – Namibia. Mobilizing Private Sector Financing for Climate and Green Growth.
AfDB. (2023e). Country Focus Report 2023 – Nigeria. Mobilizing Private Sector Financing for Climate and Green Growth. African Development Bank Group.
AfDB. (2023f). Uganda Country Focus Report 2023.
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Cheba, K., Bąk, I., & Pietrzak, M. B. (2023). Conditions of the Green Transformation. The Case of the European Union. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 29(2), 438–467.
Eşiyok, S., Ariş, E., & Antmen, F. (2023). Ranking and Evaluation of G7 Countries and Turkey by GGGI Indicators Using ENTROPY, CRITIC and EDAS Methods. Cukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, 38(3), 647–660.
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Ferreira, J. J., Lopes, J. M., Gomes, S., & Dias, C. (2023). Diverging or converging to a green world? Impact of green growth measures on countries’ economic performance. Environment, Development and Sustainability.
Iordan, M., Chilian, M.-N., & Ciurariu, G. (2023). Green Transition and the Business Sector in the European Union and Romania. Holistica Journal of Business and Public Administration, 14(2), 43–62.
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Navasardyan, M., & Mkrtchyan, T. (2023). Assessing Economic Growth Quality. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(7), 1–26.
Mahmoud, A. S. (2023). Green Economy as a Mechanism to attract Foreign Investment and Achieving the Requirements of Sustainable Development in Egypt. ASRIC Journal on Engineering Sciences, 3(2), 42–58.
Ofori, I. K., Figari, F., & Ojong, N. (2023). Towards sustainability: The relationship between foreign direct investment, economic freedom and inclusive green growth. Journal of Cleaner Production, 406, 137020.
Ofori, I. K., Gbolonyo, E. Y., & Ojong, N. (2023). Foreign direct investment and inclusive green growth in Africa: Energy efficiency contingencies and thresholds. Energy Economics, 117, 106414.
Razzaq, A., Sharif, A., Ozturk, I., & Afshan, S. (2023). Dynamic and threshold effects of energy transition and environmental governance on green growth in COP26 framework. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 179, 113296.
Sarkodie, S. A., Owusu, P. A., & Taden, J. (2023). Comprehensive green growth indicators across countries and territories. Scientific Data, 10.
Shang, Y., Lian, Y., Chen, H., & Qian, F. (2023). The impacts of energy resource and tourism on green growth: Evidence from Asian economies. Resources Policy, 81, 103359.
Temmam, M., Atmane, A., Naciri, H., Menge, J., & Budaragina, M. (2023). Scoping Study: Development of a financing offer relating to the green economy in Morocco. Financial Sector Deepening Africa (FSD Africa).
Terzić, L. (2024). An investigation of the interlinkages between green growth dimensions, the energy trilemma, and sustainable development goals: Evidence from G7 and E7 economies. Ekonomista, 1, 24–53.
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Wang, B., Zhao, W., & Yang, X. (2023). Do economic complexity and trade diversification promote green growth in the BRICTS region? Evidence from advanced panel estimations. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 36(2).
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2020 – 2022
Czupich, M., Łapińska, J., & Bartoš, V. (2022). Environmental Sustainability Assessment of the European Union’s Capital Cities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7).
Fan, W., Zhang, P., Tong, L., Li, C., Li, X., Li, J., & Ma, Z. (2022). Green Development for Supporting Sustainability of Northeast China: Performance Quantification, Spatio-temporal Dynamics and Implications. Chinese Geographical Science, 32(3), 467–479.
Interreg Mediterranean Green Growth. (2022). The Interreg MED Green Growth Indexes Report (pp. 1–82).
Leth, N. E. (2022). The complications of measuring green growth: Current pitfalls, further developments, and impact on cross-country longitudinal analyses.
Simangan, D., Lee, C. Y., Sharifi, A., Candelaria, J. L., & Kaneko, S. (2022). A global analysis of interactions between peace and environmental sustainability. Earth System Governance, 14, 100152.
Stjepanović, S., Tomić, D., & Škare, M. (2022). A new database on Green GDP; 1970–2019: A framework for assessing the green economy. Oeconomia Copernicana, 13(4), 949–975.
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Demiral, M., & Demiral, O. (2021). Where is the gray side of green growth? Theoretical insights, policy directions, and evidence from a multidimensional approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 63905–63930.
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Matlievska, M., Stamenkova, L. P., & Matlievska, E. (2021). Managing Green Growth in Selected Non-EU Balkan Countries.
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Šneiderienė, A., Viederytė, R., & Abele, L. (2020). Green growth assessment discourse on evaluation indices in the European Union. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 8(2), 360–369.